c) The fresh new eastern Jewish dialects share several have: biggest be concerned (1), change of [Theta] to at least one (4), reinterpretation out-of verb class because the shape (5), and you can reflexive pronouns considering nos- (17). These are areal have and this duration the basic separate between Halabja into the one hand and you may Koy Sanjaq and you can Azerbaijan into the most other. This is not clear in which dialect each of them originates, however they are most likely lent from towards the anybody else and Cuckold Dating App Bewertung wollen not passed down in keeping.
These three significant clusters of isoglosses represent only a little part of research which is brought to incur into taxonomy of the NENA dialects. Hoberman (1988, 573), having fun with proof out of pronouns, demonstrates the existence of a northern Iraqi dialect category (right here portrayed of the Zakho, Tisqopa, and Aradhin) and this can not be seen in line with the restricted investigation shown right here. What is needed now’s one another thicker definitions of your own dialects currently documented, to ensure that more widespread and identifying properties is available, and get field-work so you can list many languages which can be to your verge away from extinction.
step 1 Thank-you are caused by people who contributed studies and pointers, such as Gene Gragg, Robert Hoberman, and Jo Rubba. Elizabeth.H. summer stipend.
Such, f and grams was indeed retained when you look at the terminology such as for example etrog ‘citron’ and sefer ‘scroll of your own law’, in which regarding the passed on Aramaic vocabulary f might have be p and you will g will have disappeared
step three Garbell (1964, 100-103) claims that the speakers off Jewish Azerbaiaic off Kurdish. The girl primary facts for it ‘s the enunciation off Hebrew mortgage-terminology in this dialect. Hebrew loanwords during the Jewish Azerbaijani preserve some sounds which were deleted otherwise blended with individuals regarding preferred Neo-Aramaic vocabulary. Garbell says these particular retentions establish these particular Hebrew terms and conditions have been borrowed originally from inside the Kurdish, hence a group of Kurdish audio system later on moved on to Neo-Aramaic. It seems probably be that Hebrew facets throughout the dialect failed to participate in the latest voice changes in concern due to the fresh special spiritual check in to which they fall in. They might have even altered and then come recovered to your basis of one’s antique enunciation regarding neighboring organizations.
4 An increasing + reveals that next term is noticable for the suprasegmental function ’emphasis’ which is receive somewhat in all NENA dialects. Phonetically, emphasis is actually complex, however, its number 1 part try velarization, and is have a tendency to as a result of the clear presence of the fresh new emphatic consonants t and you can s.
eight On the dialect regarding Tyari [Theta] have a tendency to gets s. That it dialect, that has been spoken in advance of 1915 into the an area regarding Hakkari, isn’t chatted about here given that product inside is not enough.
8 This is not clear if or not this type can be acquired into the the fresh Halabja dialect. My informants following that knew it, but said it absolutely was more feature of your surrounding city of Suleimaniya. In any case, it’s unknown from the dialect of your own Jews regarding Sanandaj.
9 Robert Hoberman means for me that the NENA variations may have originated in an unattested metathesized age[Theta]strip ezdi.
Boyarin, Daniel. 1981. Within the Bono Homini Donum: Essays inside the Historical Linguistics for the Thoughts from J. Alexander Kerns, ed. Yoel L. Arbeitman and Allan Roentgen. Bomhard. Amsterdam Degree regarding the Theory and you may Reputation of Linguistic Science, collection IV. Newest Things in the Linguistic Theory sixteen. Area II, 613-forty two. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
A query for the Development of the Middle Aramaic Languages
Garbell, Irene. 1964. Flat Terminology and you will Syllables in Jewish Eastern The fresh Aramaic out of Persian Azerbaijan together with Continguous Areas (A dilemma of Multilingualism). Inside Education into the Egyptology and you may Linguistics in honor of H. J. Polotsky, ed. H. B. Rosen, 86-103. Jerusalem: Israel Mining People.